Posted on: Thu 27-02-2025

The Nigerian Institute of Medical Research (NIMR) has warned that emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases are becoming more common with viral hemorrhagic fever spreading asymptomatically among Nigerians, making detection and containment more challenging.

This was disclosed during a media chat with some of the research directors at the institute, who emphasised the need for heightened surveillance and improved diagnostic measures to curb the silent transmission of these deadly diseases.

They added that Nigeria’s recent experience with the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the necessity of investing in local research and development to avoid reliance on foreign testing solutions.

In addition to asymptomatic spread among the general population, the experts raised concerns about environmental factors that facilitate transmission. They cited research conducted in Delta and Oyo states, where mosquitoes collected months after fumigation still tested positive for dengue virus, raising questions about potential resistance.

Furthermore, the NIMR officials cautioned against the growing practice of self-medication, which often leads to complications and mismanagement of febrile illnesses. They advised Nigerians to seek medical attention promptly and avoid indiscriminate use of antimalarial and antibiotic drugs, which can contribute to drug resistance and complicate treatment.

The researchers also addressed the vulnerability of healthcare workers, who frequently handle infectious patients without adequate protective equipment. “Basic infection prevention measures, including gloves, running water, and personal protective equipment, must be made available in all health facilities to protect our frontline workers,” Audu said.

They emphasised that improving diagnostic capabilities and increasing awareness about viral hemorrhagic fevers would be crucial in preventing future outbreaks.

NIMR called on the government and policymakers to prioritise investment in public health infrastructure, strengthen disease surveillance at borders, and support local research initiatives.

The Director General of the centre, Prof John Obafunwa, pointed out that the overlap in symptoms with other common illnesses, such as malaria and typhoid, leads to frequent misdiagnoses.

“Many patients presenting with fever are treated for malaria without proper testing, allowing viral infections to spread undetected,” he explained.

He emphasised the importance of early diagnosis, stating that timely identification of a disease determines the appropriate treatment. However, the DG pointed out that diagnostic efforts are hindered by the high cost of imported testing kits and reagents.

He warned that unreliable power supply further exacerbates the problem, as sample integrity can be lost if power outages persist for long periods. Obafunwa also stressed the importance of improving diagnostic capacity within the country. They noted that Nigeria heavily relies on imported test kits, which are expensive and often unavailable due to supply chain disruptions.

NIMR Deputy Director General, Prof Rosemary Audu, revealed that diseases such as Lassa fever, Dengue, Zika, and yellow fever are actively spreading in some communities, with many infected individuals showing no symptoms.

She explained that the asymptomatic nature of these infections poses a major challenge for healthcare workers, as cases often go undiagnosed until severe complications arise.

Audu, who is a medical virologist, highlighted the need for increased testing and surveillance, warning that without proactive measures, the country could face unexpected outbreaks.

SOURCE: GUARDIAN NEWSPAPER

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